What is Midfoot Arthritis?
Midfoot arthritis is a degenerative condition affecting the joints in the middle part of the foot. This area, known as the midfoot, is crucial for maintaining the foot's arch and providing stability during walking and standing. When arthritis develops in these joints, it can lead to pain, stiffness, and difficulty with everyday activities.
The midfoot is composed of five tarsal bones — the navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones — and their associated joints. These bones form a complex arch structure that helps distribute body weight and absorb shock during movement. The joints in the midfoot have limited motion but play a vital role in allowing the foot to adapt to uneven surfaces and in transitioning from heel strike to toe-off during walking or running.
Midfoot arthritis can develop due to various factors. Osteoarthritis, the wear-and-tear type of arthritis, is a common cause especially in older adults. This occurs as the cartilage in the joints gradually breaks down over time. Post-traumatic arthritis is another frequent cause, often resulting from injuries such as fractures or severe sprains that damage the joint surfaces. In some cases, inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis can affect the midfoot joints.
Symptoms of Midfoot Arthritis
The symptoms of midfoot arthritis can vary in severity and may develop gradually over time. Common signs and symptoms include:
- Pain in the middle of the foot, especially with activity or weight-bearing
- Stiffness in the affected joints, particularly after periods of rest
- Swelling or warmth in the midfoot area
- Difficulty walking on uneven surfaces
- Pain that worsens when wearing shoes, especially those with high heels
- A feeling of instability or weakness in the foot
As the condition progresses, you may notice changes in the shape of your foot, such as a flattening of the arch. Some people also experience a grinding or crunching sensation when moving the affected joints. It's important to note that symptoms can fluctuate, with periods of increased pain followed by times of relative comfort.
Treatments for Midfoot Arthritis
Treatment for midfoot arthritis aims to relieve pain, improve function, and slow the progression of joint damage. Treatment often begins with conservative measures and may progress to more advanced interventions if needed.
Conservative treatments include:
- Activity modification to reduce stress on the affected joints
- Use of supportive, comfortable footwear with a stiff sole
- Custom orthotics to support the arch and distribute pressure more evenly
- Physical therapy to improve flexibility and strengthen supporting muscles
- Weight loss to reduce stress on the foot joints
- Pain management with over-the-counter or prescription medications
- Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation
In cases of advanced arthritis or when conservative treatments fail to provide relief, surgical intervention may be necessary. One option is a joint fusion (arthrodesis), which eliminates painful motion by joining affected bones together and locking them into position.
Living with Midfoot Arthritis
While midfoot arthritis can be challenging, many people successfully manage their condition and maintain an active lifestyle. As you age, wearing appropriate footwear, maintaining a healthy weight, and modifying activities as needed becomes increasingly important. Regular low-impact exercise, such as swimming or cycling, can help maintain joint flexibility and overall fitness without putting excessive stress on your feet.
If you're struggling with foot pain or suspect you may have midfoot arthritis, don't hesitate to reach out. Contact us today to schedule a consultation.